Cloning

Cloning is the development of an embryo from the nuclei of a diploid cell by its implantation in an enucleated egg.

1) Enucleate an activated egg by removal of the nuclei or by irradiating the egg with ultraviolet radiation.

2) Collect a donor nuclei from diploid cell.

3) Inject the donor nuclei into the enucleated egg.

Limitations

1) The nuclei from the donor cell must be totipotent. Totipotency means the nuclei is capable of producing a competent animal.

2) Totipotent nuclei can be found in early embryos, or generated by special techniques during the cultivation of cells.

3) Generation of totipotent nuclei has been accomplished from cells from a variety of organs such as epithelial cells (external membranes), and cells from reproductive tissue.